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- /*
- * Copyright (c) 1985 Regents of the University of California.
- * All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted
- * provided that this notice is preserved and that due credit is given
- * to the University of California at Berkeley. The name of the University
- * may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this
- * software without specific prior written permission. This software
- * is provided ``as is'' without express or implied warranty.
- *
- * All recipients should regard themselves as participants in an ongoing
- * research project and hence should feel obligated to report their
- * experiences (good or bad) with these elementary function codes, using
- * the sendbug(8) program, to the authors.
- */
-
- #ifndef lint
- static char sccsid[] = "@(#)asincos.c 5.2 (Berkeley) 4/29/88";
- #endif /* not lint */
-
- /* ASIN(X)
- * RETURNS ARC SINE OF X
- * DOUBLE PRECISION (IEEE DOUBLE 53 bits, VAX D FORMAT 56 bits)
- * CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 4/16/85, REVISED ON 6/10/85.
- *
- * Required system supported functions:
- * copysign(x,y)
- * sqrt(x)
- *
- * Required kernel function:
- * atan2(y,x)
- *
- * Method :
- * asin(x) = atan2(x,sqrt(1-x*x)); for better accuracy, 1-x*x is
- * computed as follows
- * 1-x*x if x < 0.5,
- * 2*(1-|x|)-(1-|x|)*(1-|x|) if x >= 0.5.
- *
- * Special cases:
- * if x is NaN, return x itself;
- * if |x|>1, return NaN.
- *
- * Accuracy:
- * 1) If atan2() uses machine PI, then
- *
- * asin(x) returns (PI/pi) * (the exact arc sine of x) nearly rounded;
- * and PI is the exact pi rounded to machine precision (see atan2 for
- * details):
- *
- * in decimal:
- * pi = 3.141592653589793 23846264338327 .....
- * 53 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 115997963 ..... ,
- * 56 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 227020265 ..... ,
- *
- * in hexadecimal:
- * pi = 3.243F6A8885A308D313198A2E....
- * 53 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A30 = 2 * 1.921FB54442D18 error=.276ulps
- * 56 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A308 = 4 * .C90FDAA22168C2 error=.206ulps
- *
- * In a test run with more than 200,000 random arguments on a VAX, the
- * maximum observed error in ulps (units in the last place) was
- * 2.06 ulps. (comparing against (PI/pi)*(exact asin(x)));
- *
- * 2) If atan2() uses true pi, then
- *
- * asin(x) returns the exact asin(x) with error below about 2 ulps.
- *
- * In a test run with more than 1,024,000 random arguments on a VAX, the
- * maximum observed error in ulps (units in the last place) was
- * 1.99 ulps.
- */
-
- double asin(x)
- double x;
- {
- double s,t,copysign(),atan2(),sqrt(),one=1.0;
- #if !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe)
- if(x!=x) return(x); /* x is NaN */
- #endif /* !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe) */
- s=copysign(x,one);
- if(s <= 0.5)
- return(atan2(x,sqrt(one-x*x)));
- else
- { t=one-s; s=t+t; return(atan2(x,sqrt(s-t*t))); }
-
- }
-
- /* ACOS(X)
- * RETURNS ARC COS OF X
- * DOUBLE PRECISION (IEEE DOUBLE 53 bits, VAX D FORMAT 56 bits)
- * CODED IN C BY K.C. NG, 4/16/85, REVISED ON 6/10/85.
- *
- * Required system supported functions:
- * copysign(x,y)
- * sqrt(x)
- *
- * Required kernel function:
- * atan2(y,x)
- *
- * Method :
- * ________
- * / 1 - x
- * acos(x) = 2*atan2( / -------- , 1 ) .
- * \/ 1 + x
- *
- * Special cases:
- * if x is NaN, return x itself;
- * if |x|>1, return NaN.
- *
- * Accuracy:
- * 1) If atan2() uses machine PI, then
- *
- * acos(x) returns (PI/pi) * (the exact arc cosine of x) nearly rounded;
- * and PI is the exact pi rounded to machine precision (see atan2 for
- * details):
- *
- * in decimal:
- * pi = 3.141592653589793 23846264338327 .....
- * 53 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 115997963 ..... ,
- * 56 bits PI = 3.141592653589793 227020265 ..... ,
- *
- * in hexadecimal:
- * pi = 3.243F6A8885A308D313198A2E....
- * 53 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A30 = 2 * 1.921FB54442D18 error=.276ulps
- * 56 bits PI = 3.243F6A8885A308 = 4 * .C90FDAA22168C2 error=.206ulps
- *
- * In a test run with more than 200,000 random arguments on a VAX, the
- * maximum observed error in ulps (units in the last place) was
- * 2.07 ulps. (comparing against (PI/pi)*(exact acos(x)));
- *
- * 2) If atan2() uses true pi, then
- *
- * acos(x) returns the exact acos(x) with error below about 2 ulps.
- *
- * In a test run with more than 1,024,000 random arguments on a VAX, the
- * maximum observed error in ulps (units in the last place) was
- * 2.15 ulps.
- */
-
- double acos(x)
- double x;
- {
- double t,copysign(),atan2(),sqrt(),one=1.0;
- #if !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe)
- if(x!=x) return(x);
- #endif /* !defined(vax)&&!defined(tahoe) */
- if( x != -1.0)
- t=atan2(sqrt((one-x)/(one+x)),one);
- else
- t=atan2(one,0.0); /* t = PI/2 */
- return(t+t);
- }
-